On 16 July, 2016, the Multiculturalism in
Action (MIA) Project presented a seminar on Sri Lankan Culture and the Sri
Lankan Community in Hong Kong. This is the first seminar of the fourth South
Asian culture workshop in the MIA series, the Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan
Culture Workshop. Dr. Thilina Weerasinghe, an engineering consultant working in
Hong Kong, was invited to host the seminar.
Social Development
Dr. Weerasinghe started with “Ayubowan!”, a
greeting in Sri Lanka, which means “May you live long”.
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| “Ayubowan” in English, Sinhalese (middle), and Tamil (right) Photo credit: Venuka Glagoda (Google+) |
Introducing Sri Lanka, he said that though it is a small country in terms of size (65610 km2) and population (21 million), it ranked 8th in the World Giving Index in 2015. It was also one of two countries (another one was the Maldives) which had the highest Human Development Index (HDI) among South Asian countries in 2015. After the civil war (1983-2009), Sri Lanka has been rapidly developed. It is most well-known for its natural scenic spots and beaches. Tourism has become an important industry.
In terms of gender, Dr. Weerasinghe said Sri
Lanka is a male-dominated country, yet the family is based on mothers who
usually make decisions at home. There have been many outstanding women in Sri
Lankan history. For instance, Queen Anula (reigned 47BC – 42BC) was the first
female head of state in Asia, Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike was Prime Minister of
Sri Lanka for three times (1960-65, 1970-77, 1994-2000) and was the first
female Prime Minister in the world. At the moment, there are 13 women members
of Parliament, making up 5.7% of members of the House and Senate.
Sri Lanka is a multicultural society. The
Sinhalese form the largest portion of the population (more than 70%), followed
by the Tamils, Muslims, Malays, and Burghers. The Burghers are descendants of marriages
between the natives and Europeans (mainly Portuguese, Dutch, and British).
Religion and Culture
Religions practiced in Sri Lanka include Buddhism
(70.1% of population), Hinduism (12.6%), Islam (9.7%), and Christianity
(7.6%). Most cultural practices, social
values, and traditions in Sri Lanka have found their roots in Buddhism, which
was introduced to Sri Lanka by Arahat Mihindu Thero in 300 BC. For instance, the
Presidents and Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka were usually Buddhists; Ministry of
Buddhasasana is established to enhance Buddhist beliefs in Sri Lanka. Besides, Buddhist
festivals and rituals are practiced nationwide, such as the Katina ceremonies
and the Bodhi-Puja.
The Sinhala Hindu new year, Aluth Avurudda,
is celebrated on 13th or 14th of April. Dr. Weerasinghe explained that the
whole nation will carry out the most important rituals at the same time according
to the astrologist’s calculations. For instance, the whole nation eat the first
meal of the new year at the same time. Interesting games such as kabaddi are
played during the holidays.
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| Family gathering during Aluth Avurudda Photo credit: The British Council |
Another interesting feature in Sri Lanka is the use of astrology in daily life. It is believed that people’s time of birth defines their destiny and a Full Life Reading is made by an astrologist at birth. This Reading is commonly used in identifying a potential spouse. Parents believe that it is necessary that their children’s horoscopes be matched to guarantee a good marriage.
Dr. Weerasinghe said Sri Lanka had the
spiciest of food and sweetest of tea. His favourite food was koththu, a mixture
of godhamba roti (a flat bread made from wheat flour), vegetables, eggs, and
spices. It was a common street food 20-30 years ago, but now it has become a
delicacy in restaurants. He also shared with us how the Sri Lankans loved
sweets. His family, for instance, used to add four spoons of sugar into a cup
of tea.
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| Koththu Photo credit: Amila Tennakoon (Flickr) |
Sri Lankans in Hong Kong
According to Dr. Weerasinghe, there are
about 2,000 Sri Lankans living in Hong Kong. They work in many different
occupations, some are professors in universities, some are business people in
trading and transport, and there are others who work as domestic workers and solicitors.
Many of them feel that Sri Lanka’s traditions and festivals are important and
they organize communal celebrations such as the new year Aluth Avurudda, and
the Poson Festival celebrating the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
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